Optical recording medium driving apparatus and focusing method

ABSTRACT

An optical recording medium driving apparatus supporting an optical recording medium having multiple recording layers includes head means including a focusing mechanism and a spherical aberration correction mechanism; focusing control means for driving the focusing mechanism on the basis of a reflected light to perform focusing control on each recording layer; spherical aberration correcting means for driving the spherical aberration correction mechanism on the basis of a spherical aberration correction value to correct spherical aberration; and control means for controlling the focusing control means so as to set the spherical aberration correction value given by shifting the spherical aberration correction value appropriate for the midpoint between a target layer and a first recording layer by a desired value in the spherical aberration correcting means and controlling the focusing control means so as to perform the focusing control with the spherical aberration correction value after the shift being set.

CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present invention contains subject matter related to Japanese PatentApplication JP 2006-302740 filed in the Japanese Patent Office on Nov.8, 2006, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein byreference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an optical recording medium drivingapparatus that records and/or plays back a signal on an opticalrecording medium by using light radiation and a method of focusing lighton a predetermined recording layer on the optical recording medium.

2. Description of the Related Art

Technologies for recording and playing back digital data include datarecording technologies using optical disc recording media (includingmagneto-optical disks), such as compact discs (CDs), Minidiscs (MDs)(Registered Trademark of Sony Corporation), or digital versatile disks(DVDs). A laser beam is radiated on such an optical disc recordingmedium (also simply referred to as an optical disc) on which signals arerecorded in pit or mark areas, and the signals are read out on the basisof the varied light beam reflected from the pit or mark areas.

Some optical disc recording media have multiple recording layers toincrease the recording capacity. For example, DVDs having two recordinglayers are currently in widespread use.

In the case of optical disc recording media having multiple recordinglayers, a light beam is selectively focused on the individual recordinglayers to read out signals from the recording layers.

FIG. 12 illustrates how to focus light on such a multi-layer opticaldisc. An example of a focusing operation on the second recording layeron a two-layer optical disc is shown in FIG. 12. Of the two recordinglayers, the first recording layer is at the proximal side of an incidentlaser beam and the second recording layer is at the distal side thereof.

FIG. 12 schematically shows the focusing operation by using thewaveforms of a light intensity signal (for example, a pull-in (PI)signal in the case of a four-divided detector) during focusing, a focusOK (FOK) signal, a focus error signal, and a focus drive signal andvarious threshold values.

In the focusing, an objective lens is driven toward the optical disc inresponse to the focus drive signal represented by a waveform to “ONPOINT” in FIG. 12.

The light intensity signal generated when the objective lens is driventoward the optical disc is sliced with a predetermined threshold valueth-FOK to generate the FOK signal, and an S-shaped curve of the focuserror signal is detected during a period when the FOK signal is at ahigh (H) level. Specifically, an S-shaped curve of the focus errorsignal is detected under a condition in which the value of the focuserror signal becomes lower than a threshold value th-2 after exceeding athreshold value th-1.

In the example shown in FIG. 12, since the laser light is focused on thedistal second recording layer, the focusing is performed when the secondS-shaped curve is detected. In other words, the focusing is performedwhen the value of the focus error signal becomes lower than thethreshold value th-2 after exceeding the threshold value th-1 during aperiod when the FOK signal is at the H level again.

In recent years, high-density optical discs, such as Blu-ray discs (BDs)(Registered Trademark), have been developed, in addition to the CDs andDVDs, to further increase the recording capacity.

The BDs have disc structures including cover layers each having athickness of about 0.1 mm. The BDs record and/or play back data under acondition in which both a laser having a wavelength of 405 nm (so-calledblue laser) and an objective lens having a numerical aperture (NA) of0.85 are used.

In the case of high-density discs, such as BDs, it is known thatspherical aberration is caused due to a difference in the thicknessbetween the cover layers above the recording layers. Particularly, sincethe cover layers of the different recording layers have differentthicknesses on multi-layer optical discs, it is necessary to correct thespherical aberration.

When the correction of the spherical aberration is necessary, it isnecessary to set a certain spherical aberration correction value in thefocusing.

The spherical aberration correction value is set to a value appropriatefor a target layer on which the focusing is performed in related art.

However, setting the spherical aberration correction value to a valueappropriate for the target layer can prevent the S-shaped curves of thefocus error signals on other recording layers from being appropriatelydetected. For example, when the focusing is performed on the targetsecond recording layer, the sufficient amplitude of the focus errorsignal on the first recording layer can be prevented from beinggenerated.

If the sufficient amplitude of the focus error signal on the firstrecording layer is not generated when the second recording layer is usedas the target layer, it is not possible to appropriately focus the lighton the target layer by the focusing method shown in FIG. 12. In otherwords, if the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal on the firstrecording layer is not detected, the S-shaped curve of the focus errorsignal on the second recording layer is erroneously recognized as theS-shaped curve of the focus error signal on the first recording layer.As a result, it is not possible to appropriately focus the light on thesecond recording layer.

For confirmation, when the focusing is performed on the target firstrecording layer, distortion of the focus error signal causes no problem.In other words, when light is focused on the first recording layer, itis sufficient to capture a light reflected from the recording layer forthe first time when the objective lens is driven toward the opticaldisc. Accordingly, the amplitude of the focus error signal on the secondrecording layer is not allowed for. The focusing can be appropriatelyperformed if only the sufficient amplitude of the focus error signal onthe first recording layer is generated.

When it is necessary to correct the spherical aberration as in the casedescribed above, the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal on thefirst recording layer may not be detected when the focusing is performedon the target second recording layer and the focusing may not beperformed appropriately. In order to resolve these problems, forexample, the focusing is currently performed by a method shown in FIG.13.

FIG. 13 shows examples of the waveforms of a light intensity signal (PIsignal), a FOK signal, a focus error signal, and a focus drive signalwhen the focusing is performed on the target second recording layer. Inthe example shown in FIG. 13, the first recording layer is representedas an “L1 layer” and the second recording layer is represented as an “L0layer”.

In the example shown in FIG. 13, the spherical aberration correctionvalue is set to a value appropriate for the second recording layer inthe focusing on the second recording layer. Accordingly, the amplitudeof the focus error signal on the first recording layer (L1 layer) ismade smaller than that of the focus error signal on the second recordinglayer (L0 layer), thus causing distortion of the focus error signal.

In contrast, the light intensity signal has a sufficient amplitude evenon the L1 layer. This shows little effect of the spherical aberration onthe L1 layer.

Also in the method shown in FIG. 13, first, the objective lens is driventoward the optical disc, as represented by the focus drive signal.

In this example, two threshold values thP-H and thP-L are set for thelight intensity signal. The FOK signal is generated so as to be at the Hlevel when the value of the light intensity signal exceeds the thresholdvalue thP-H and so as to be at a low (L) level when the value thereofbecomes lower than the threshold value thP-L after exceeding thethreshold value thP-H.

Then, time count is started when the FOK signal becomes at the L leveland it is determined whether the S-shaped curve of the focus errorsignal is detected within a predetermined time X since the time count isstarted. The detection of the S-shaped curve of the focus error signalis performed under a condition in which the value of the focus errorsignal exceeds a threshold value thF-H shown in FIG. 13.

If the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal is detected within thepredetermined time X, the time count is performed again and it isdetermined again whether the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal isdetected within the predetermined time X. If the S-shaped curve of thefocus error signal is not detected within the predetermined time X, theobjective lens is driven in the reverse direction (in the direction awayfrom the optical disc). After the first S-shaped curve of the focuserror signal is detected, the focusing is performed. The first S-shapedcurve of the focus error signal is detected under a condition in whichthe focus error signal exceeds a threshold value thF-L after the focuserror signal becomes lower than a threshold value thF-ZL during a periodwhen the FOK signal is at the H level.

Since the optical disc has only the two recording layers, it isdetermined that the S-shaped curve that is finally detected is theS-shaped curve of the second recording layer if no S-shaped curve of thefocus error signal is detected again within the predetermined time Xsince the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal is detected. In thiscase, driving the objective lens in the reverse direction and performingthe focusing in the first S-shaped curve allow appropriate focusing onthe target second recording layer.

However, in the method shown in FIG. 13, it is necessary to reciprocatethe objective lens in the direction away form the optical disc when thefocusing on the second recording layer is performed. Accordingly, ittakes longer time to perform the focusing in the method shown in FIG.13, compared with the typical method in the related art shown in FIG.12, in which it is sufficient to drive the objective lens only in onedirection to perform the focusing on the second recording layer.

Technologies in the related art are disclosed in, for example, JapaneseUnexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2006-155792 and JapaneseUnexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2003-22545.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The method shown in FIG. 13 is adopted because the sufficient amplitudeof the focus error signal is not generated on the first recording layerdue to setting of the spherical aberration correction value appropriatefor the second recording layer in order to stabilize focus servo controlon the target layer.

Accordingly, it is proposed that the focusing on the second recordinglayer be performed in a state in which the spherical aberrationcorrection value is set to a value appropriate for the midpoint betweenthe first recording layer and the second recording layer to increase theamplitude of the focus error signal on the first recording layer. Inother words, the spherical aberration correction value is set to a valueappropriate for the midpoint between the first recording layer and thesecond recording layer to prevent an occurrence of any distortion of thefocus error signals on the first and second recording layers and toavoid a situation in which the S-shaped curve of the focus error signalon the first recording layer is not detected when the light is focusedon the second recording layer.

However, even if the spherical aberration correction value is set to avalue appropriate for the midpoint between the first and secondrecording layers, the amplitude characteristics of the focus errorsignal are not practically improved sufficiently.

FIGS. 14A to 14C show results of an experiment by the applicant.

FIG. 14A shows the waveforms of a PI signal and a focus error signal FEwhen the spherical aberration correction value was set to a valueappropriate for the L0 layer (the second recording layer). FIG. 14Bshows the waveforms of a PI signal and a focus error signal FE when thespherical aberration correction value was set to a value appropriate forthe L1 layer (the first recording layer). FIG. 14C shows the waveformsof a PI signal and a focus error signal FE when the spherical aberrationcorrection value was set to a value appropriate for the midpoint betweenthe L0 layer and the L1 layer. Referring to FIGS. 14A to 14C, thewaveforms on the left side of vertical broken lines were generated whenthe objective lens is driven toward the optical disc and the waveformson the right side thereof were generated when the objective lens isdriven in the direction away from the optical disc.

The waveforms in FIG. 14C generated when the spherical aberrationcorrection value was set to a value appropriate for the midpoint showthat the level of the distortion of the focus error signal FE wasreduced, compared with the waveforms shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, but wasnot sufficiently improved.

The distortion of the focus error signal is left even when the sphericalaberration correction value is set to a value appropriate for themidpoint between the first and second recording layers because differentoptical discs have different optimal spherical aberration correctionvalues due to a difference in the thickness of the cover layers betweenthe optical discs.

Accordingly, setting the spherical aberration correction value to avalue appropriate for the midpoint between the first and secondrecording layers causes the amplitude characteristics of the focus errorsignal during the focusing operation to be varied for every opticaldisc. As a result, it is not possible to completely avoid the situationin which the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal on the firstrecording layer is not detected when the light is focused on the secondrecording layer.

If the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal on the first recordinglayer is not detected, the optical disc has no choice but to adopt themethod of reciprocating the objective lens, shown in FIG. 13. As aresult, it is not possible to reduce the time required for the focusingon the second recording layer.

In order resolve the above-described problems, according to anembodiment of the present invention, an optical recording medium drivingapparatus that records and/or plays back data on an optical recordingmedium having a plurality of recording layers includes head means forradiating laser light on the optical recording medium and detectingreflected light from the optical recording medium at least to read out asignal, the head means having at least a mechanism of focusing the laserlight and a spherical aberration correction mechanism; focusing controlmeans for driving the focusing mechanism on the basis of the reflectedlight detected by the head means to perform focusing control on eachrecording layer on the optical recording medium; spherical aberrationcorrecting means for driving the spherical aberration correctionmechanism on the basis of a spherical aberration correction value tocorrect spherical aberration; and control means for, when a conditionfor a focusing operation targeted for a recording layer other than afirst recording layer most proximal to the side on which the laser lightis incident is satisfied, controlling the focusing control means so asto set the spherical aberration correction value given by shifting thespherical aberration correction value appropriate for the midpointbetween the target layer and the first recording layer by a desiredvalue in the spherical aberration correcting means and controlling thefocusing control means so as to perform the focusing control on thetarget layer with the spherical aberration correction value resultingfrom the shift being set.

According to another embodiment of the present invention, a focusingmethod in an optical recording medium driving apparatus that recordsand/or plays back data on an optical recording medium having a pluralityof recording layers is provided. The optical recording medium drivingapparatus includes head means for radiating laser light on the opticalrecording medium and detecting reflected light from the opticalrecording medium at least to read out a signal, the head means having atleast a mechanism of focusing the laser light and a spherical aberrationcorrection mechanism; focusing control means for driving the focusingmechanism on the basis of the reflected light detected by the head meansto perform focusing control on each recording layer on the opticalrecording medium; and spherical aberration correcting means for drivingthe spherical aberration correction mechanism on the basis of aspherical aberration correction value to correct spherical aberration.The focusing method includes the steps of controlling, when a conditionfor a focusing operation targeted for a recording layer other than afirst recording layer most proximal to the side on which the laser lightis incident is satisfied, the focusing control means so as to set thespherical aberration correction value given by shifting the sphericalaberration correction value appropriate for the midpoint between thetarget layer and the first recording layer by a desired value in thespherical aberration correcting means and controlling the focusingcontrol means so as to perform the focusing control on the target layerwith the spherical aberration correction value resulting from the shiftbeing set.

The focusing control on the target layer is performed in the state inwhich the spherical aberration correction value given by shifting thespherical aberration correction value appropriate for the midpointbetween the target layer and the first recording layer by a desiredvalue is set. Accordingly, the focusing operation can be performed onthe target layer in the state in which the spherical aberrationcorrection value given by shifting the spherical aberration correctionvalue appropriate for the midpoint between the target layer and thefirst recording layer on the basis of a certain correction shift valueis set.

According to the present invention, the focusing operation on the targetlayer is performed in the state in which the spherical aberrationcorrection value given by shifting the spherical aberration correctionvalue appropriate for the midpoint between the target layer and thefirst recording layer on the basis of a certain correction shift valueis set. Accordingly, for example, the focusing operation can beperformed in the state in which the spherical aberration correctionvalue accommodating the difference in the thickness of the cover layersbetween the recording media is set. It is possible to avoid thesituation in which the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal FE on arecording layer other than the target layer is not detected even if thedifference in the thickness of the cover layers between the recordingmedia arises. Consequently, it is not necessary to adopt the method ofreciprocating the objective lens in the related art, thus speeding upthe focusing operation.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the internalconfiguration of an optical recording medium driving apparatus accordingto an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of an optical disc, which is a two-layer BD;

FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of a spherical aberrationcorrection mechanism of an optical pickup according to the embodiment ofthe present invention;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the internalconfiguration of a servo circuit in the optical recording medium drivingapparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention, mainlyshowing a focus control system in the servo circuit;

FIG. 5 illustrates how to perform a focusing operation according to anembodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of a process for realizing thefocusing operation shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 illustrates how to perform a focusing operation according toanother embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of a process for realizing thefocusing operation shown in FIG. 7;

FIGS. 9A and 9B are graphs showing the waveforms of pull-in signals andfocus error signals in the focusing operation shown in FIG. 5 and thosein the focusing operation shown in FIG. 7 to verify the effectiveness ofthe focusing operation shown in FIG. 7;

FIG. 10 shows how to perform a focus jump operation in related art;

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a process for realizing thefocus jump operation according to an embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 12 illustrates a focusing operation in the related art;

FIG. 13 illustrates another focusing operation in the related artperformed when distortion occurs in the focus error signal; and

FIG. 14A shows the waveforms of a pull-in signal and a focus errorsignal when a spherical aberration correction value was set to a valueappropriate for an L0 layer (the second recording layer), FIG. 14B showsthe waveforms thereof when the spherical aberration correction value wasset to a value appropriate for an L1 layer (the first recording layer),and FIG. 14C shows the waveforms thereof when the spherical aberrationcorrection value was set to a value appropriate for the midpoint betweenthe L0 layer and the L1 layer.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will herein be describedwith reference to the attached drawings.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an example of the internalconfiguration of a disk drive apparatus according to an embodiment ofthe present invention.

The disk drive apparatus supports a CD, a DVD, and a BD as an opticaldisc D shown in FIG. 1. A three-wavelength optical pickup of monoculartype is adopted as an optical pickup 1 to support the optical disc Dsupporting the CD, the DVD, and the BD. Specifically, light beams havingdifferent three wavelengths (wavelength Δ=780 nm, 650 nm, and 405 nm)are radiated on the optical disc D through a common objective lens.

The disk drive apparatus is a playback-only apparatus capable of onlydata playback. The disk drive apparatus supports, as the optical disc D,not only a playback-only ROM disc on which data is recorded in pit andland areas but also a recordable disc (a write-once disc or a rewritabledisc).

The disk drive apparatus according to the embodiment of the presentinvention also supports a multi-layer disc having multiple recordinglayers.

For example, FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the optical disc D, which isa two-layer BD having two recording layers.

The two-layer BD shown in FIG. 2 has a cover layer, an L1 layer, an L0layer, and a substrate formed therein in this order. The cover layer isproximal to an incident laser beam and the substrate is distal to theincident laser beam. The L1 layer (also referred to as the firstrecording layer), which is closer to the incident laser beam than the L0layer, is apart from the surface of the cover layer by about 75 μm. Thedistal L0 layer (also referred to as the second recording layer) isapart from the surface of the cover layer by about 100 μm.

The disk drive apparatus shown in FIG. 1 selectively focuses a laserbeam on the L1 layer or the L0 layer on the optical disc D to read outinformation recorded on each layer.

Referring back to FIG. 1, the optical disc D is mounted on a turntable(not shown) when it is loaded in the disk drive apparatus. In recordingand playback operations, the optical disc D is driven and rotated by aspindle motor 2 at a certain constant linear velocity (CLV).

In the playback operation, the optical pickup 1 (optical head) reads outinformation recorded in the pit or mark areas on the track on theoptical disc D.

Management information only for playback, for example, physicalinformation about the optical disc D, is recorded in emboss pits or awobbling groove on the optical disc D. Such information is read out bythe optical pickup 1. In the case of the recordable optical disc D, theoptical pickup 1 reads out Address In Pre-groove (ADIP) informationembedded as wobbling of a groove track on the recordable optical disc D.

The optical pickup 1 includes laser diodes serving as laser sources, aphotodetector for detecting reflected light, an objective lens throughwhich a laser beam is radiated on the optical disc D, and an opticalsystem in which the laser beam is radiated on the recording face of theoptical disc D through the objective lens and the reflected light is ledto the photodetector. One laser diode outputs a laser beam having awavelength of 780 nm (CD) or of 640 nm (DVD) and the other laser diodeoutputs a laser beam having a wavelength of 405 nm (BD). However, sincethe optical pickup 1 is a three-wavelength optical pickup of monoculartype as described above, the laser beams having the differentwavelengths, output from the two laser diodes, are radiated on theoptical disc D through the common objective lens.

In the optical pickup 1, the objective lens is held by a biaxialmechanism so as to be movable in the tracking direction and the focusingdirection.

The optical pickup 1 is moved in the radial direction of the opticaldisc D by a sled mechanism 3.

The laser diodes in the optical pickup 1 are driven by a drive signal(drive current) supplied from a laser driver 9 to emit the laser beams.

Since the BD is supported as the optical disc D according to theembodiment of the present invention, the optical pickup 1 also has aspherical aberration correction mechanism. The spherical aberrationcorrection mechanism is driven by a spherical aberration (SA) correctiondriver 14 to correct any spherical aberration.

The internal configuration of the optical pickup 1, including thespherical aberration correction mechanism, will be described in detailbelow.

Information on the light reflected from the optical disc D is detectedby the photodetector described above. The detected information isconverted into an electrical signal corresponding to the amount ofreceived light, and the electrical signal is supplied to a matrixcircuit 4.

The matrix circuit 4 includes a current-voltage converter circuitsupporting output currents from multiple photoreceptors serving as thephotodetector, a matrix arithmetic and amplifier circuit, and so on, andgenerates necessary signals by a matrix arithmetic operation.

For example, the matrix circuit 4 generates a radio-frequency (RF)signal (playback data signal) corresponding to playback data, a focuserror signal FE for servo control, and a tracking error signal TE.

The matrix circuit 4 also generates a push-pull signal PP as a signalinvolved in the wobbling of the groove.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the matrix circuit4 also generates a pull-in signal PI used in a focusing operationdescribed below.

The matrix circuit 4 supplies the playback data signal (RF signal) to adata signal processing circuit 5, supplies the focus error signal FE,the tracking error signal TE, and the pull-in signal PI to a servocircuit 11, and supplies the push-pull signal PP to a wobble signalprocessing circuit 6.

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the RF signal issupplied to the data signal processing circuit 5 and, in addition,information about the amplitude of the RF signal is supplied to a systemcontroller 10 through an analog-to-digital (A/D) converter 15. Theinformation about the amplitude of the RF signal supplied to the systemcontroller 10 is used as an evaluation index (evaluation value) of thequality of a playback signal in automatic adjustment of a sphericalaberration correction value, described below.

The data signal processing circuit 5 binarizes the playback data signal.The data signal processing circuit 5 also performs phase locked loop(PLL) processing to generate a playback clock. The data signalprocessing circuit 5 further detects a synchronization signal from abinary data sequence resulting from the binarization.

The data signal processing circuit 5 supplies the binary data sequenceand the detected synchronization signal to a decoding unit 7. Thegenerated playback clock, although not shown, is used as an operationclock of each component.

The decoding unit 7 demodulates the binary data sequence. Specifically,the demodulation includes demodulation of the playback data,deinterleaving, error correcting code (ECC) decoding, and addressdecoding.

In the playback, the decoding unit 7 demodulates the binary datasequence at a time determined on the basis of the binary data sequencebinarized by the data signal processing circuit 5 and thesynchronization signal to generate playback data. The playback datadecoded by the decoding unit 7 is supplied to a host interface 8 and istransferred to a host apparatus 100 on the basis of an instruction fromthe system controller 10. The host apparatus 100 is, for example, acomputer apparatus or an audio-visual (AV) system.

The decoded address data is supplied to the system controller 10.

When the optical disc D is a recordable disc, the managementinformation, such as the physical information about the optical disc D,and the ADIP information are recorded in the wobbling groove on theoptical disc D.

The wobble signal processing circuit 6 detects information recorded inthe wobbling groove on the optical disc D from the push-pull signal PPsupplied from the matrix circuit 4 on the basis of an instruction fromthe system controller 10 and supplies the detected information to thesystem controller 10.

The servo circuit 11 generates focus, tracking, and sled servo drivesignals from the focus error signal FE and the tracking error signal TEsupplied from the matrix circuit 4 to perform servo control.

Specifically, the servo circuit 11 generates a focus drive signal FD anda tracking drive signal TD in accordance with the focus error signal FEand the tracking error signal TE to drive the focusing coil and thetracking coil in the biaxial mechanism in the optical pickup 1. Theoptical pickup 1, the matrix circuit 4, the servo circuit 11, and thebiaxial mechanism form a tracking servo loop and a focus servo loop.

The servo circuit 11 turns off the tracking servo loop in response to atrack jump instruction supplied from the system controller 10 andoutputs a jump drive signal to perform track jumping.

In addition, the servo circuit 11 generates a sled drive signal SD onthe basis of a sled error signal generated as a reduced component of thetracking error signal TE and access control from the system controller10 to drive the sled mechanism 3 by using the sled drive signal SD. Thesled mechanism 3 includes a main shaft holding the optical pickup 1, asled motor, and a transmission gear (not shown). The sled mechanism 3drives the sled motor in response to the sled drive signal SD to slidethe optical pickup 1 by a desired distance.

Furthermore, the servo circuit 11 performs focusing control for focusinglight on the recording layers on the optical disc D on the basis of thefocus error signal FE and the pull-in signal PI supplied from the matrixcircuit 4.

In the case of the optical disc D having multiple recording layers, theservo circuit 11 performs focus jump control on the basis of the focuserror signal FE.

The servo circuit 11 is capable of setting the spherical aberrationcorrection value for the SA correction driver 14. Specifically, theservo circuit 11 is capable of setting the spherical aberrationcorrection value based on an instruction from the system controller 10in the SA correction driver 14. The SA correction driver 14 drives thespherical aberration correction mechanism in the optical pickup 1 inresponse to a drive signal Sd corresponding to the set sphericalaberration correction value.

The servo circuit 11 is also capable of setting a focus bias.Specifically, the servo circuit 11 is capable of adding the focus biasbased on an instruction from the system controller 10 to the focus servoloop described above.

A spindle servo circuit 12 controls CLV rotation of the spindle motor 2.

The spindle servo circuit 12 acquires the playback clock generated bythe data signal processing circuit 5 as information about the currentrotation speed of the spindle motor 2 and compares the generatedrotation speed information with predetermined CLV reference speedinformation to generate a spindle error signal.

When the optical disc D is a recordable disc, the spindle servo circuit12 can acquire the clock generated in the PLL processing for a wobblesignal as the information about the current rotation speed of thespindle motor 2. In this case, the spindle servo circuit 12 may comparethe rotation speed information with the predetermined CL reference speedinformation to generate the spindle error signal.

The spindle servo circuit 12 outputs a spindle drive signal generated inaccordance with the spindle error signal to cause the spindle driver 13to perform the CLV rotation of the spindle motor 2.

The spindle servo circuit 12 generates the spindle drive signal inresponse to a spindle kick-brake control signal supplied from the systemcontroller 10 to activate or stop the spindle motor 2 or to increase ordecrease the speed of the spindle motor 2.

Each operation by the servo system and playback system is controlled bythe system controller 10 composed of a micro computer.

The system controller 10 performs a variety of processing in response tocommands transmitted from the host apparatus 100 through the hostinterface 8.

For example, if a “read” command requesting transfer of certain datarecorded on the optical disc D is transmitted from the host apparatus100, the system controller 10 performs seek operation control forspecified addresses. Specifically, the system controller 10 instructsthe servo circuit 11 to cause the optical pickup 1 to access theaddresses specified with a “seek” command.

Then, the system controller 10 performs operation control necessary totransfer the data during the specified data period to the host apparatus100. Specifically, the system controller 10 causes the data signalprocessing circuit 5 and the decoding unit 7 to play back a signal(playback data signal) read out from the optical disc D and transfersthe requested data to the host apparatus 100.

In this case, the system controller 10 performs the automatic adjustmentof the spherical aberration correction value, which will be described indetail below.

The system controller 10 also performs processing for realizing thefocusing operation described below according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

Although the disk drive apparatus connected to the host apparatus 100 isdescribed as the optical recording medium driving apparatus in theexample shown in FIG. 1, the optical recording medium driving apparatusaccording to the embodiment of the present invention may not beconnected to another apparatus. In this case, the optical recordingmedium driving apparatus may include an operation unit and a displayunit or the configuration of the data input-output interface unit may bedifferent from the one shown in FIG. 1. In other words, the opticalrecording medium driving apparatus may have another configuration aslong as the optical recording medium driving apparatus records and/orplays back data in response to an user's operation and has terminalsthrough which a variety of data is input and output.

The optical recording medium driving apparatus may have various otherconfigurations. For example, the optical recording medium drivingapparatus may have a configuration capable of recording data. In otherwords, the disk drive apparatus according to the embodiment of thepresent invention may be a recording-playback apparatus or arecording-only apparatus.

FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of the spherical aberrationcorrection mechanism of the optical pickup 1 shown in FIG. 1. Theconfiguration of the optical system in the optical pickup 1 is mainlyshown in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 3, a laser light beam emitted from a semiconductorlaser (laser diode) 81 is incident on a collimator lens 82 where acollimated light beam is generated. The collimated light beam passesthrough a beam splitter 83 and a group of spherical aberrationcorrection lenses including a movable lens 87 and a fixed lens 88, andis radiated on the optical disc D through an objective lens 84. Thegroup of spherical aberration correction lenses including the movablelens 87 and the fixed lens 88 is called an expander. Since the sphericalaberration correction is performed by driving the movable lens 87, themovable lens 87 is also referred to as the spherical aberrationcorrection lens 87.

A light beam reflected from the optical disc D passes through theobjective lens 84, the fixed lens 88, and the movable lens 87 and isreflected by the beam splitter 83. The light beam reflected by the beamsplitter 83 is incident on a detector 86 through a collimator lens(condenser lens) 85.

In such an optical system, the objective lens 84 is held by a biaxialmechanism 91 so as to be movable in the focusing direction and thetracking direction to perform focus servo and tracking servo operations.

The spherical aberration correction lens 87 has a function of defocusingthe wavefront of a laser light beam. Specifically, the sphericalaberration correction lens 87 is movable in J direction, which is thedirection of the optical axis, by an actuator 90 to which the drivesignal Sd is supplied. The object point of the objective lens 84 isadjusted on the basis of the movement of the spherical aberrationcorrection lens 87.

In other words, the drive signal Sd is supplied to the actuator 90 tocontrol the actuator 90 so as to move the spherical aberrationcorrection lens 87 in the direction of the optical axis, wherebyperforming the spherical aberration correction.

Although the spherical aberration correction mechanism in FIG. 3 has theconfiguration in which the so-called expander is used to perform thespherical aberration correction, the spherical aberration correctionmechanism may have a configuration in which a liquid crystal panel isused to perform the spherical aberration correction.

Specifically, in the liquid crystal panel provided in the optical pathfrom the semiconductor laser 81 to the objective lens 84, the boundarybetween an area where the laser light beam is transmitted and an areawhere the laser light beam is shielded is variably adjusted to vary thediameter of the laser light beam, whereby performing the sphericalaberration correction.

In this case, a liquid crystal driver configured to drive the liquidcrystal panel is controlled so as to vary the transmission area.

The spherical aberration correction mechanism may have a configurationin which the movable lens 87 and the fixed lens 88 are omitted and thecollimator lens 82 is driven in the J direction, in addition to theconfiguration in which the movable lens 87 and the fixed lens 88 areprovided and the movable lens 87 is driven as in the example shown inFIG. 3. In such a case, the actuator 90 is provided for the collimatorlens 82 and the drive signal Sd is supplied to the actuator 90 for thecollimator lens 82 to control the movement of the collimator lens 82 inthe J direction.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an example of the internalconfiguration of the servo circuit 11 shown in FIG. 1. Only the focuscontrol system in the servo circuit 11 is shown in FIG. 4.

Referring to FIG. 4, the focus error signal FE supplied from the matrixcircuit 4 shown in FIG. 1 is converted into digital data by ananalog-to-digital (A/D) converter 21 in the servo circuit 11 and thedigital data is supplied to a focus servo operation section 22.

The focus servo operation section 22 performs predetermined processing,such as filtering and loop gain control for phase compensation, to thefocus error signal FE input as the digital data to generate a focusservo signal.

The focus servo signal is supplied to a terminal t2 in a switch SW inFIG. 4.

The switch SW is configured such that a terminal t1 is selectivelyconnected to the terminal t2, a terminal t3, or a terminal t4. A fixedvoltage 23 is applied to the terminal t3 and a hold voltage 24 isapplied to the terminal t4.

The terminal t1 is connected to a digital-to-analog (D/A) converter 25,and an output from the D/A converter 25 is output as the focus drivesignal FD through a focus driver 26.

The servo circuit 11 performs switching between the terminals in theswitch SW to perform the focusing control and the focus jump control.

In the focusing control, first, the terminal t3 is selected in theswitch SW to apply the fixed voltage 23 and the objective lens 84 isdriven in the direction toward the optical disc D by the biaxialmechanism 91. Then, it is determined whether a condition of the pull-insignal PI or the focus error signal FE is satisfied on the basis ofpredetermined threshold values. If the focusing condition is satisfied,the terminal t3 is switched to the terminal t2 to perform the focusservo control. The focusing control on the target layer is performed inthe above manner.

In the focus jump control, first, the terminal t3 is selected in theswitch SW to apply the fixed voltage 23 as a kick voltage. Then, theterminal t3 is switched to the terminal t4 to apply the hold voltage 24in order to move the objective lens 84 toward the recording layer towhich the focus is to be jumped. A value corresponding to the positionwhere objective lens 84 is held is calculated because the position ofthe recording layer is varied between the CD, the DVD, and the BD, andthe hold voltage 24 corresponding to the calculated value is output.

It is determined whether a condition of the focus error signal FE issatisfied on the basis of predetermined threshold values after startingthe application of the kick voltage. If the focusing condition issatisfied, the terminal t3 is selected in the switch SW to apply thefixed voltage 23 as a braking voltage and, then, the terminal t3 isswitched to the terminal t2 to perform the focus servo control on therecording layer to which the focus is jumped. The focus jump control isperformed in the above manner.

The focus jump operation according to the embodiment of the presentinvention will be described in detail below.

The disk drive apparatus according to the embodiment of the presentinvention supports the BD as the optical disc D.

As described above, since the spherical aberration is caused on the BDdue to a difference in the thickness between the cover layers along withthe increasing numerical aperture (NA), it is necessary to correct thespherical aberration. The disk drive apparatus according to theembodiment of the present invention is provided with the sphericalaberration correction mechanism (the fixed lens 88, the movable lens 87,and the actuator 90) and the SA correction driver 14 shown in FIG. 3 tocorrect the spherical aberration.

Specifically, in the spherical aberration correction, sphericalaberration correction values are set for the SA correction driver 14.Initial values of the spherical aberration correction values, which areused as reference values on the respective recording layers, are set inadvance in the disk drive apparatus. Specifically, a sphericalaberration correction value SA_L1 optimal for the L1 layer (the firstrecording layer with the cover layer having a thickness of 75 μm) and aspherical aberration correction value SA_L0 optimal for the L0 layer(the second recording layer with the cover layer having a thickness of100 μm) are set as the initial values of the spherical aberrationcorrection values on the respective recording layers.

Ideally, setting the initial values for the respective recording layersto perform the spherical aberration correction allows the sphericalaberration to be appropriately corrected. However, since the coverlayers of different optical discs practically have differentthicknesses, the spherical aberration correction values areautomatically adjusted for every optical disc.

In the automatic adjustment of the spherical aberration correctionvalues, when a condition for the focusing operation on a predeterminedrecording layer is satisfied for the first time, the sphericalaberration correction value set in advance for the predeterminedrecording layer is varied with respect to the initial value of thespherical aberration correction value used as the reference value toacquire evaluation values. A shift value corresponding to the differencebetween the initial value and the optimal evaluation value, among theacquired evaluation values, is determined as a correction shift value b.

For example, when the focus servo control is enabled once in the firstfocusing operation on the L0 layer (the second recording layer), signalsare read out by the optical pickup 1 while varying the sphericalaberration correction value with respect to the initial value used asthe reference value and the amplitudes of the RF signals are acquired asthe evaluation values. A shift value corresponding to the differencebetween the initial value and the optimal evaluation value (the highestamplitude) is determined as the correction shift value b.

Specifically, when the focusing servo control is enabled on the L0layer, the system controller 10 reads out the initial value for the L0layer from, for example, the internal ROM and instructs the servocircuit 11 to sequentially set the spherical aberration correctionvalues varied with respect to the initial value in the SA correctiondriver 14. The system controller 10 acquires the amplitudes of the RFsignals generated in the matrix circuit 4 with the respective sphericalaberration correction values being set through the A/D converter 15. Thesystem controller 10 determines the shift value corresponding to thedifference between the initial value and the maximum amplitude to be thecorrection shift value b.

In the subsequent readout of signals on each recording layer, thespherical aberration correction value given by adding (or subtracting)the correction shift value b to (or from) the initial value on therecording layer is used.

Performing the automatic adjustment of each spherical aberrationcorrection value described above allows the spherical aberrationcorrection value to be set to the optimal value determined on the basisof the measured amplitude of the RF signal (the evaluation value of thequality of the playback signal). Accordingly, it is possible to read outthe signals in a state in which the spherical aberration is optimallycorrected even if the cover layers of different optical discs havedifferent thicknesses.

Although the correction shift value b is determined from the sphericalaberration correction value providing the optimal evaluation value, theembodiment of the present invention is not limited to thisdetermination. The correction shift value b can be determined from thespherical aberration correction value providing a predeterminedevaluation value to correct the difference in the thickness of the coverlayers between the optical discs.

The disk drive apparatus according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, supporting the BD as the optical disc D, performs thespherical aberration correction in the above manner. In the sphericalaberration correction, as described above, the spherical aberrationcorrection value is adjusted to an appropriate value so as to stabilizethe focus servo control in the focusing operation.

In the focusing operation in the related art, the spherical aberrationcorrection value appropriate for the target layer of the focusingoperation is set. For example, in order to focus light on the L0 layer,the focusing operation is performed with the initial value for the L0layer being set.

However, when the spherical aberration correction value is set to avalue appropriate for the target layer, the S-shaped curves of the focuserror signals on other recording layers may not be appropriatelydetected. For example, when the focusing operation is performed on thetarget second recording layer, the sufficient amplitude of the focuserror signal on the first recording layer may not be generated. With thefocusing method shown in FIG. 12 in which the objective lens is drivenonly in one direction, it is not possible to detect the S-shaped curveof the focus error signal on the first recording layer and, therefore,it is not possible to appropriately focus light on the second recordinglayer.

When the spherical aberration correction value is set to a valueappropriate for the target layer, the S-shaped curve of the focus errorsignal may not be appropriately detected on recording layers moreproximal to the light source than the target layer. Accordingly, themethod of reciprocating the objective lens in the direction away formthe optical disc is currently adopted (refer to FIG. 13).

However, the method shown in FIG. 13 has the problem in that it takeslonger time to reciprocate the objective lens.

In order to resolve such a problem, methods of preventing distortion ofthe amplitudes of the focus error signals on the first and secondrecording layers are adopted. For example, the spherical aberrationcorrection value is set to a value appropriate for the midpoint betweenthe first and second recording layers to generate equal amplitudes ofthe focus error signals on the respective recording layers.Specifically, the spherical aberration correction value is set to avalue calculated by “SA_L1+SA_L0/2” where SA_L1 denotes the initialvalue set for the first recording layer (L1 layer) and SA_L0 denotes theinitial value set for the second recording layer (L0 layer).

However, the amplitude characteristics of the focus error signal is notpractically improved sufficiently even if the spherical aberrationcorrection value is set to a value appropriate for the midpoint betweenthe first and second recording layers. For example, even when thespherical aberration correction value was set to a value appropriate forthe midpoint between the first and second recording layers as in theexample shown in FIG. 14C, the level of the distortion of the focuserror signal is reduced, compared with the waveforms generated when thespherical aberration correction values were set to values appropriatefor the L0 and L1 recording layers, shown in FIGS. 14A and 14B, but isnot sufficiently improved.

The distortion is left in the focus error signals on the L0 layer andthe L1 layer even when the spherical aberration correction value is setto a value appropriate for the midpoint between the first and secondrecording layers because the different optical discs have differentoptimal spherical aberration correction values due to the difference inthe thickness of the cover layers between the optical discs.

Accordingly, it is not possible to completely avoid the situation inwhich the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal on the firstrecording layer is not detected when the light is focused on the secondrecording layer by setting the spherical aberration correction value toa value appropriate for the midpoint between the first and secondrecording layers. When the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal onthe first recording layer is not detected, the optical disc has nochoice but to adopt the method of reciprocating the objective lens,shown in FIG. 13. As a result, it is not possible to reduce the timerequired for the focusing on the second recording layer.

In order to resolve the above problems, according to an embodiment ofthe present invention, the focusing operation on the target secondrecording layer (L0 layer) is performed in the state in which thespherical aberration correction value given by shifting the sphericalaberration correction value appropriate for the midpoint between the L0layer and the L1 layer by a desired value is set.

Specifically, a value given by shifting the spherical aberrationcorrection value (SA_L1+SA_L0/2) appropriate for the midpoint by thecorrection shift value b calculated by the automatic adjustment of thespherical aberration correction value is set as the spherical aberrationcorrection value in the focusing operation on the L0 layer.

FIG. 5 illustrates how to perform the focusing operation according tothe embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 schematically shows therelationship between the movable range of the spherical aberrationcorrection lens 87 shown in FIG. 3 (a movable range of SA lens indicatedby a dotted-chain line in FIG. 5) and the spherical aberrationcorrection value for the L1 layer (the initial value SA_L1), thespherical aberration correction value for the L0 layer (the initialvalue SA_L0), and the spherical aberration correction value for themidpoint between the L1 and L0 layers (SA_L1+SA_L0/2).

According to the embodiment of the present invention, the sphericalaberration correction value is set to a value given by adding thecorrection shift value b calculated by the automatic adjustment of thespherical aberration correction value to the spherical aberrationcorrection value for the midpoint (SA_L1+SA_L0/2). Specifically, aspherical aberration correction value SA_F0=SA_L1+SA_L1/2+b is set asthe spherical aberration correction value to be set in the focusingoperation for the target L0 layer.

The focusing operation is performed on the target L0 layer with thespherical aberration correction value SA_F0 being set.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an example of a process for realizing thefocusing operation according to the embodiment of the present invention.The process shown in FIG. 6 is performed by the system controller 10shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with programs stored in, for example, theROM in the system controller 10.

It is presumed that the correction shift value b is calculated inadvance by the automatic adjustment of the spherical aberrationcorrection value before starting the process shown in FIG. 6.

Referring to FIG. 6, in Step S101, the system controller 10 waits for afocus ON command for the L0 layer. Specifically, since the hostapparatus 100 issues an instruction using the focus ON command in thefocusing operation, the system controller 10 waits for a command for theL0 layer as the focus ON command in Step S101.

If the system controller 10 receives the focus ON command for the L0layer, in Step S102, the system controller 10 calculatesSA_F0=SA_L1+SA_L0/2+b. Specifically, the system controller 10 calculatesthe SA_F0 by using the initial values SA_L1 and SA_L0 set in advance forthe L1 and L0 layers and the correction shift value b calculated in theautomatic adjustment.

In Step S103, the system controller 10 instructs the servo circuit 11 toset the calculated spherical aberration correction value SA_F0 in the SAcorrection driver 14. The setting causes the spherical aberrationcorrection lens 87 to move to a position corresponding to the sphericalaberration correction value SA_F0.

In Step S104, the system controller 10 controls the focusing operation.Specifically, the system controller 10 instructs the servo circuit 11 toperform the focusing operation for the target L0 layer.

In Step S105, the system controller 10 waits for an indication ofcompletion of the focusing operation from the servo circuit 11. If thesystem controller 10 receives the indication of completion of thefocusing operation, in Step S106, the system controller 10 instructs theservo circuit 11 to set a spherical aberration correction value SA_L0+b.

Since the system controller 10 instructs the servo circuit 11 to set thespherical aberration correction value SA_L0+b in Step S106, it ispossible to set the spherical aberration correction value optimal forthe L0 layer after the focusing operation on the L0 layer is completed.Accordingly, signals are read out from the L0 layer with the optimalspherical aberration correction value being set.

As described above, according to the embodiment of the presentinvention, the focusing operation on the L0 layer is performed in thestate in which the spherical aberration correction value is set to avalue given by shifting the spherical aberration correction valueappropriate for the midpoint by the correction shift value b set foraccommodating the difference in the thickness of the cover layersbetween the optical discs. Accordingly, it is possible to avoid thesituation in which the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal FE onthe L1 layer is not detected even if the difference in the thickness ofthe cover layers between the optical discs arises. Consequently, it isnot necessary to adopt the method of reciprocating the objective lens inthe related art, as shown in FIG. 13, thus speeding up the focusingoperation.

Since the spherical aberration correction value is set to a value basedon the midpoint between the L1 layer and the L0 layer in the focusingoperation according to the embodiment of the present invention, theamplitude of the focus error signal FE on each recording layer tends toeven slightly decrease, compared with the case where the sphericalaberration correction value is set to a value appropriate for eachrecording layer.

When a multiple-wavelength optical pickup of monocular type is adoptedas the optical pickup 1 to radiate laser light beams with multiplewavelengths, such as three wavelengths, on the optical disc D throughthe common objective lens 84 as in the embodiment of the presentinvention, the amplitude of the focus error signal FE tends to decreasedue to this configuration.

Even a slight decrease in the amplitude of the focus error signal FEseems to work against the stabilization of the focusing operation.

With the method shown in FIG. 5 in which the spherical aberrationcorrection value appropriate for the midpoint is shifted by thecorrection shift value b, the focusing operation on the L0 layer can bestably performed. However, in order to further stabilize the focusingoperation in view of the decrease in the amplitude of the focus errorsignal when the multiple-wavelength optical pickup of monocular type isadopted as the optical pickup, a focusing operation shown in FIG. 7 maybe performed.

FIG. 7 illustrates how to perform the focusing operation inconsideration of the decrease in the amplitude of the focus error signalFE. As in the example shown in FIG. 5, FIG. 7 schematically shows therelationship between the movable range of the spherical aberrationcorrection lens 87 shown in FIG. 3 (a movable range of SA lens indicatedby a dotted-chain line in FIG. 7) and the spherical aberrationcorrection value for the L1 layer (the initial value SA_L1), thespherical aberration correction value for the L0 layer (the initialvalue SA_L0), and the spherical aberration correction value for themidpoint (SA_L1+SA_L0/2).

In the example shown in FIG. 7, the spherical aberration correctionvalue SA_F0 to be set in the focusing operation on the target L0 layeris set to a value given by shifting the spherical aberration correctionvalue (SA_L1+SA_L0/2) for the midpoint on the basis of the correctionshift value b and a predetermined offset value A.

Specifically, the spherical aberration correction value SA_F0 is set toa value calculated by SA_L1+SA_L0/2+b+Δ.

The offset value Δ is set to a value with which the decrease in theamplitude of the focus error signal FE involved in the adoption of themultiple-wavelength optical pickup of monocular type can be reduced. Thevalue is determined on the basis of, for example, a measurement resultof the amplitudes of the focus error signal FE when the sphericalaberration correction value is varied. The determined value is preset inthe disk drive apparatus in a predetermined stage, for example, beforeshipment.

Shifting the spherical aberration correction value for the midpoint onthe basis of the offset value Δ can reduce the decrease in the amplitudeof the focus error signal FE arising when the multiple-wavelengthoptical pickup of monocular type is adopted, thus further stabilizingthe focusing operation on the L0 layer.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of a process for realizing thefocusing operation shown in FIG. 7. The process shown in FIG. 8 isperformed by the system controller 10 shown in FIG. 1 in accordance withprograms stored in, for example, the ROM in the system controller 10. Itis presumed that the correction shift value b is calculated in advanceby the automatic adjustment of the spherical aberration correction valuebefore starting the process shown in FIG. 8.

Referring to FIG. 8, in Step S201, the system controller 10 waits for afocus ON command for the L0 layer, as in Step S101 in FIG. 6. If thesystem controller 10 receives the focus ON command for the L0 layer, inStep S202, the system controller 10 calculates SA_F0=SA_L1+SA_L0/2+b+Δby using the offset value Δ set in advance in the system controller 10.

Steps S203 to S206 are performed in the same manner as in Steps S103 toS106 shown in FIG. 6.

FIGS. 9A and 9B are graphs used for verifying the effectiveness of themethod shown in FIG. 7. FIG. 9A shows the waveforms of the pull-insignal PI and the focus error signal FE when the spherical aberrationcorrection value SA_F0 is set by the method shown in FIG. 5. FIG. 9Bshows the waveforms of the pull-in signal PI and the focus error signalFE when the spherical aberration correction value SA_F0 is set by themethod shown in FIG. 7.

In the graphs shown in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the vertical axis represents thelevel of the amplitude. The waveforms on the right side of the centralscale are generated when the objective lens 84 is moved toward theoptical disc D, and the waveforms on the left side of the central scaleare generated when the objective lens 84 is moved in the direction awayfrom the optical disc.

As shown by elliptical areas in FIGS. 9A and 9B, the levels of theamplitude of the focus error signal FE on both the L0 layer and the L1layer when the spherical aberration correction value SA_F0 is set by themethod shown in FIG. 7 are higher than the ones when the sphericalaberration correction value SA_F0 is set by the method shown in FIG. 5.

This shows that the focusing operation on the L0 layer can be morestably performed when the method shown in FIG. 7 is adopted.

As described above, the higher amplitude of the focus error signal FE isgenerated when the spherical aberration correction value is shifted onthe basis of the predetermined offset value Δ. This is because thecorrection shift value b providing the highest evaluation value of thequality of the playback signal (the highest amplitude of the RF signal)is not necessarily advantageous to the focusing servo control.

In other words, in the method shown in FIG. 7, the addition of theoffset value Δ allows the spherical aberration correction value to beshifted in the direction desired for the focusing servo control. As aresult, it is possible to increase the amplitude of the focus errorsignal FE, thereby realizing the stable focusing operation.

Although the offset value Δ is set to a value with which the decrease inthe amplitude of the focus error signal FE can be reduced in the abovedescription, it is also possible to equalize the upper and lower levelsof the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal FE depending on theoffset value Δ that is set. Specifically, if it is not possible tooptimize the shape of the spots on the photodetector due to a variationin manufacturing of the optical pickup 1, the upper and lower levels ofthe S-shaped curve on the recording layer on which the sphericalaberration is not optimally corrected may not be equalized. In order toresolve this problem, the spherical aberration correction value can beshifted in a predetermined direction by a desired amount by adding theoffset value A to equalize the upper and lower levels of the S-shapedcurve.

Although the setting of the spherical aberration correction value SA_F0in the focusing operation is described above, it is possible tostabilize the focus jump operation by setting a spherical aberrationcorrection value in the focus jump operation in a similar manner.

The stabilization of the focus jump operation will now be described.

FIG. 10 shows how to perform the focus jump operation in the relatedart. FIG. 10 schematically shows the focus jump operation targeted forthe L0 layer by using the focus error signal FE, the focus drive signalFD, and various threshold values set for the focus error signal FE.

In the focus jump operation from the L1 layer to the L0 layer, theterminal t2 is switched to the terminal t3 in the switch SW in the servocircuit 11 shown in FIG. 4 to turn off the focus servo loop and the kickvoltage is applied as the fixed voltage 23.

In response to the application of the kick voltage, the objective lens84 is started to be driven toward the optical disc D and the waveform inone direction (the waveform in the direction in which the amplitude isdecreased) of the S-shaped curve of the focus error signal FE isgenerated on the L1 layer, as shown in FIG. 10.

In the servo circuit 11, threshold values thFJ-1 and thFJ-2 are set inadvance for the waveform of the focus error signal FE generated inresponse to the application of the kick voltage. When the amplitude ofthe focus error signal FE exceeds the threshold value thFJ-2 after itbecomes lower than the threshold value thFJ-1, the hold voltage isapplied instead of the kick voltage. In other words, if the abovecondition is satisfied, the terminal t3 is switched to the terminal t4in the switch SW to apply the hold voltage 24.

Since the movement state of the objective lens 84 toward the opticaldisc D is kept while the hold voltage 24 being applied, the waveform inthe other direction (the waveform in the direction in which theamplitude is increased) of the S-shaped curve of the focus error signalFE is generated on the L0 layer after a predetermined time. In the servocircuit 11, threshold values thFJ-3 and thFJ-4 are set for the waveformfor the L0 layer. When the amplitude of the focus error signal FEexceeds the threshold value thFJ-3, the terminal t4 is switched to theterminal t3 in the switch SW to start application of the brake voltagehaving the polarity opposite to that of the fixed voltage 23. When theamplitude of the focus error signal FE becomes lower than the thresholdvalue thFJ-4, the terminal t3 is switched to the terminal t2 in theswitch SW to perform the focus servo control on the L0 layer. The focusjump operation from the L1 layer to the L0 layer is performed in theabove manner.

Although the focus jump operation from the L1 layer to the L0 layer isexemplified with reference to FIG. 10, the focus jump operation from theL0 layer to the L1 layer can be performed in a similar manner on thebasis of the focus error signal FE and various threshold values set forthe focus error signal FE.

In the related art, the focus jump operation is performed with thespherical aberration correction value appropriate for the target layerbeing set so that the focus servo control is stably performed on thetarget layer.

However, if the focus jump operation to the L0 layer is started with thespherical aberration correction value appropriate for the target layerbeing set, as in the above example, the focus servo control becomes veryunstable on the L1 layer to which the focusing is to be jumped and thefocus servo control can be released in the worst case.

In addition, when the spherical aberration correction value appropriatefor the target layer is set, the amplitude of the focus error signal FEcan be decreased on the layer to which the focusing is to be jumped andthe condition based on the threshold values thFJ-1 and thFJ-2 may not beestablished. As a result, the focus jump operation is not possiblyperformed.

It is not possible to stabilize the focus jump operation by the methodin the related art in which the spherical aberration correction valueappropriate for the target layer is set.

Even in the above method in the related art, it will be effective to setthe spherical aberration correction value to a value appropriate for themidpoint between the L1 layer and the L0 layer to eliminate thedistortion of the focus error signal FE. However, also in this case, inview of the characteristics shown in FIGS. 14A to 14C, it is preferredthat the correction shift value b calculated by the automatic adjustmentof the spherical aberration correction value be added to the sphericalaberration correction value (SA_L1+SA_L0/2) for the midpoint.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a sphericalaberration correction value SA_FJ to be set in the focus jump operationis set to a value calculated by SA_L1+SA_L0/2+b, and the focus jumpoperation is performed with this spherical aberration correction valueSA_FJ being set.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of a process for realizing thefocus jump operation according to the embodiment of the presentinvention. The process shown in FIG. 11 is performed by the systemcontroller 10 shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with programs stored in, forexample, the ROM in the system controller 10. It is presumed that thecorrection shift value b is calculated in advance by the automaticadjustment of the spherical aberration correction value before startingthe process shown in FIG. 11.

Referring to FIG. 11, in Step S301, the system controller 10 waits for afocus jump instruction from the host apparatus 100 as a focus jumpcommand.

If the system controller 10 receives the focus jump instruction, in StepS302, the system controller 10 calculates SA_FJ=SA_L1+SA_L0/2+b.

In Step S303, the system controller 10 instructs the servo circuit 11 toset the calculated spherical aberration correction value SA_FJ in the SAcorrection driver 14. In Step S304, the system controller 10 instructsthe servo circuit 11 to perform the focus jump operation described withreference to FIG. 10.

In Step S305, the system controller 10 waits for an indication ofcompletion of the focus jump operation from the servo circuit 11. If thesystem controller 10 receives the indication of completion of the focusjump operation, in Step S306, the system controller 10 instructs theservo circuit 11 to set the initial value of the target layer+b.Specifically, if the focus jump instruction is targeted for the L0layer, the system controller 10 instructs the servo circuit 11 to set avalue SA_L0+b given by adding the correction shift value b to theinitial value SA_L0 for the L0 layer in the SA correction driver 14. Ifthe focus jump instruction is targeted for the L1 layer, the systemcontroller 10 instructs the servo circuit 11 to set a value SA_L1+bgiven by adding the correction shift value b to the initial value SA_L1for the L1 layer in the SA correction driver 14.

Accordingly, after the focus jump to the target layer is completed, itis possible to set the spherical aberration correction value optimal forthe target layer and to read out signals with the optimal sphericalaberration correction value being set.

According to the embodiment of the present invention described above,the focus jump operation to each layer can be stably performed even ifthe difference in the thickness of the cover layers between the opticaldiscs arises.

Also in the focus jump operation, shifting the spherical aberrationcorrection value on the basis of the offset value Δ, as in the methodshown in FIG. 7, can lend stability to the difference in the thicknessof the cover layers between the optical discs and stability to thedecrease in the amplitude of the focus error signal FE when themultiple-wavelength optical pickup of monocular type is adopted.

Although the embodiments of the present invention are described above,the present invention is not limited to the specific examples describedabove.

For example, although the focusing operation and the focus jumpoperation targeted for the second recording layer other than the firstrecording layer closest to the side which a laser light beam is incidenton, among two recording layers, are described above, the presentinvention is applicable to the focusing operation and the focus jumpoperation targeted for any recording layer other than the firstrecording layer, among three or more recording layers.

Specifically, also when the optical disc has three or more recordinglayers, performing the focusing operation on the target layer in thestate in which the spherical aberration correction value is set to avalue given by shifting the spherical aberration correction valueappropriate for the midpoint between the first recording layer and thetarget layer by a desired value can accommodate the variation in thethickness of the cover layers and the decrease in the amplitude of thefocus error signal when the multiple-wavelength optical pickup ofmonocular type is adopted.

Also in the focus jump operation, when the optical disc has three ormore recording layers, setting the spherical aberration correction valueto a value given by shifting the spherical aberration correction valueappropriate for the midpoint between the first recording layer and thetarget layer by a desired value can achieve the advantages similar tothe ones when the optical disc has the two recording layers.

Although the spherical aberration correction mechanism includes themovable lens 87 in the above description, the spherical aberrationcorrection mechanism may include, for example, a liquid crystal panel.

When the spherical aberration correction mechanism includes a liquidcrystal panel, the drive signal Sd used for instructing a certain cellin the liquid crystal panel to apply voltage is supplied to a liquidcrystal driver. In this case, the correction shift value b and theoffset value Δ are converted by using a shield factor, and the number ofcells to which the voltage is applied is controlled so as to vary theshield factor in accordance with addition or subtraction of thecorrection shift value b or the offset value A.

Although the amplitude of the RF signal is used as the evaluation valuein the calculation of the correction shift value and the matrix circuit4 generating the RF signal and the A/D converter 15 form an evaluationvalue generating unit in the above description, a jitter value may beused as the evaluation value in the calculation of the correction shiftvalue. Alternatively, when Partial Response Maximum Likelihood (PRML) isadopted in the binarization of the RF signal, for example, an evaluationvalue of a different matrix (a difference from an ideal value or adeviation value) may be used. In such a case, an evaluator forgenerating the evaluation value may be provided in the data signalprocessing circuit 5.

The evaluation value used for calculating the correction shift value isnot limited to the ones described above. Any evaluation value may beused as long as the evaluation value is generated on the basis ofinformation about a light beam reflected from a recording medium andserves as an evaluation index of the quality of the playback signal.

Although the optical recording medium driving apparatus supporting theoptical recording medium of a disc shape is described above, the presentinvention is applicable to other optical recording medium drivingapparatuses that record and/or play back signals on recording media byusing light radiation.

It should be understood by those skilled in the art that variousmodifications, combinations, sub-combinations and alterations may occurdepending on design requirements and other factors insofar as they arewithin the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.

1. An optical recording medium driving apparatus that records and/orplays back data on an optical recording medium having a plurality ofrecording layers, the apparatus comprising: head means for radiatinglaser light on the optical recording medium and detecting reflectedlight from the optical recording medium at least to read out a signal,the head means having at least a mechanism of focusing the laser lightand a spherical aberration correction mechanism; focusing control meansfor driving the focusing mechanism based on the reflected light detectedby the head means to perform focusing control on each recording layer ofthe plurality of recording layers on the optical recording medium;spherical aberration correcting means for driving the sphericalaberration correction mechanism based on a spherical aberrationcorrection value to correct spherical aberration; and control means for,when a condition for a focusing operation targeted for a target layer ofthe plurality of recording layers other than a first recording layermost proximal to a side on which the laser light is incident issatisfied, controlling the focusing control means so as to set thespherical aberration correction value given by shifting the sphericalaberration correction value appropriate for a midpoint between thetarget layer and the first recording layer by a desired value in thespherical aberration correcting means and controlling the focusingcontrol means so as to perform focusing control on the target layer withthe spherical aberration correction value resulting from the shift beingset.
 2. The optical recording medium driving apparatus according toclaim 1, further comprising: evaluation value generating means forgenerating an evaluation value used as an evaluation index of thequality of a playback signal based on the reflected light detected bythe head means, wherein, when the condition for the focusing operationon a predetermined recording layer on the optical recording medium issatisfied for a first time, the control means acquires a correctionshift value corresponding to the difference between an initial value ofthe spherical aberration correction value set in advance for thepredetermined recording layer and the spherical aberration correctionvalue providing a predetermined evaluation value among the evaluationvalues that are generated by the evaluation value generating means byvarying the spherical aberration correction value with respect to theinitial value, and wherein, when the condition for the focusingoperation targeted for the target layer other than the first recordinglayer is satisfied, the control means controls the focusing controlmeans so as to set the spherical aberration correction value given byshifting the spherical aberration correction value appropriate for themidpoint between the target layer and the first recording layer by thecorrection shift value in the spherical aberration correcting means. 3.The optical recording medium driving apparatus according to claim 1,wherein, when the condition for the focusing operation targeted for thetarget layer other than the first recording layer is satisfied, thecontrol means controls the focusing control means so as to set thespherical aberration correction value given by shifting the sphericalaberration correction value appropriate for the midpoint between thetarget layer and the first recording layer based on a predeterminedoffset value in the spherical aberration correcting means.
 4. Theoptical recording medium driving apparatus according to claim 2,wherein, when the condition for the focusing operation targeted for thetarget layer other than the first recording layer is satisfied, thecontrol means controls the focusing control means so as to set thespherical aberration correction value given by shifting the sphericalaberration correction value appropriate for the midpoint between thetarget layer and the first recording layer based on the correction shiftvalue and a predetermined offset value in the spherical aberrationcorrecting means.
 5. The optical recording medium driving apparatusaccording to claim 1, wherein the focusing control means is configuredto perform focus jump control to each recording layer of the pluralityof recording layers on the optical recording medium, and wherein, when acondition for a focus jump operation is satisfied, the control meanscontrols the focusing control means so as to set the sphericalaberration correction value given by shifting the spherical aberrationcorrection value appropriate for the midpoint between the target layerand the first recording layer by the desired value in the sphericalaberration correcting means and controls the focusing control means soas to perform the focus jump control with the spherical aberrationcorrection value resulting from the shift being set.
 6. A focusingmethod in an optical recording medium driving apparatus that recordsand/or plays back data on an optical recording medium having a pluralityof recording layers, the optical recording medium driving apparatusincluding head means for radiating laser light on the optical recordingmedium and detecting reflected light from the optical recording mediumat least to read out a signal, the head means having at least amechanism of focusing the laser light and a spherical aberrationcorrection mechanism; focusing control means for driving the focusingmechanism based on the reflected light detected by the head means toperform focusing control on each recording layer of the plurality ofrecording layers on the optical recording medium; and sphericalaberration correcting means for driving the spherical aberrationcorrection mechanism based on a spherical aberration correction value tocorrect spherical aberration, the method comprising the steps of:controlling, when a condition for a focusing operation targeted fortarget layer of the plurality of recording layers other than a firstrecording layer most proximal to a side on which the laser light isincident is satisfied, the focusing control means so as to set thespherical aberration correction value given by shifting the sphericalaberration correction value appropriate for a midpoint between thetarget layer and the first recording layer by a desired value in thespherical aberration correcting means; and controlling the focusingcontrol means so as to perform focusing control on the target layer withthe spherical aberration correction value resulting from the shift beingset.
 7. An optical recording medium driving apparatus that recordsand/or plays back data on an optical recording medium having a pluralityof recording layers, the apparatus comprising: a head unit configured toradiate laser light on the optical recording medium and to detectreflected light from the optical recording medium at least to read out asignal, the head unit having at least a mechanism of focusing the laserlight and a spherical aberration correction mechanism; a focusingcontrol unit configured to drive the focusing mechanism based on thereflected light detected by the head unit to perform focusing control oneach recording layer of the plurality of recording layers on the opticalrecording medium; a spherical aberration correcting unit configured todrive the spherical aberration correction mechanism based on a sphericalaberration correction value to correct spherical aberration; and acontrol unit, when a condition for a focusing operation targeted for atarget layer of the plurality of recording layers other than a firstrecording layer most proximal to a side on which the laser light isincident is satisfied, controls the focusing control unit so as to setthe spherical aberration correction value given by shifting thespherical aberration correction value appropriate for a midpoint betweenthe target layer and the first recording layer by a desired value in thespherical aberration correcting unit and controls the focusing controlunit so as to perform focusing control on the target layer with thespherical aberration correction value resulting from the shift beingset.